The percentages are based on our analyses of AWS environments. We apply these measures to all three clouds; the services and procurement models differ by cloud.
Databases (34.9%)
Resize and merge instances, adjust database storage, choose between serverless and provisioned capacity (such as Aurora Serverless or Azure SQL Database serverless), and add indexes so that queries consume fewer resources.
Compute (23.4%)
Discounts for committed usage: Savings Plans and Reserved Instances on AWS, reservations and the Savings Plan for Compute on Azure, and committed use discounts on Google Cloud. In addition, Spot capacity for workloads that can tolerate interruptions, rightsizing, scaling policies, and ARM processors such as AWS Graviton, Azure Cobalt, and Google Axion.
Network (18.9%)
Optimize NAT gateways, consolidate load balancers, route traffic through a CDN (CloudFront, Azure Front Door, or Cloud CDN), and eliminate public IPv4 addresses, which incur hourly charges.